The dangers of breath holding are well known and well documented. The U.S. Naval Center website contains multiple examples of competent swimmers who lost their lives to shallow water blackout. Media outlets continue to highlight drowning of swimmers found unconscious, underwater following breath holding activities.
Industry groups including USA Swimming, the American Red Cross, the National Swimming Pool Foundation and the U.S. Navy have long cautioned against underwater breath holding activities, particularly those involving hyperventilation. Other groups, such as the YMCA of the USA and the Department of Morale, Welfare and Recreation of the U.S. Navy outright ban such extremely dangerous activities. Why? Because SWB has been proven to kill otherwise healthy swimmers.
When evaluating this from a risk management standpoint we can’t allow this type of practice to take place in the Recreational Sports Center.
The Recreational Sports Center has developed the following guidelines for all groups to follow when they are using the Miami University Aquatic Center as it relates to any type of breath holding activity while they are conducting training in the facility.
- Only allow one or two breaths prior to submersion. Shallow water blackout is linked to hyperventilation.
- Only allow underwater drills at the start of practice when swimmers are not close to their VO2 max.
- Only allow the distance of one length (25yds or m), one time. No repeats without adequate recovery time of at least 2:00. They could do a 25 underwater and then a 100 swim recovery before repeating with at least 2:00 RI between underwaters.
- The use of any devices that restrict movement of the arms or legs or is used to blindfold the eyes is prohibited.
- If these guidelines are not followed then that practice will be stopped at that point. Before the next practice can resume the coaches involved will meet with John Mihevic and Terri Shannon to go over the policy again and what steps are going to be taken so this would not happen again.
- In the event this happens a second time the coaches and their respective A.D. will have to meet with the Aquatics Director and the Associate Director before any further practices can occur.
Glossary of Terms
- Shallow water blackout (“SWB”), also referred to as hypoxic blackout, is a term describing loss of consciousness arising from oxygen deprivation brought about by voluntary or involuntary hyperventilation.
- In swimming, voluntary hyperventilation occurs when a swimmer intentionally “overbreathes,” blowing off carbon dioxide.
- Involuntary hyperventilation can occur as a result of stress and physical exertion during a workout that pushes the swimmer beyond his/her maximum aerobic capacity (VO2 max).
We strive to provide a safe and competitive environment for all of the teams that use this facility. If you have any questions regarding this policy or any other policies in the Miami University Aquatic Center please contact Terri Shannon or John Mihevic.