Dean Smith, clinical professor in the Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, co-authored a new publication in the European Journal of Integrative Medicine. The article, “Opinion: A 2025 review of chiropractic spinal manipulation for headaches was bound for null results,” examines a recent systematic review and outlines several methodological issues that, according to the authors, limited its clinical and scientific value.

The team highlights concerns such as pooled age groups and headache types, inconsistent follow-up windows, and deviations from the registered protocol. They note that these factors introduced significant heterogeneity and hindered the certainty of the evidence.

The journal publishes research on complementary and integrative health care and is read internationally by clinicians, researchers, educational leaders, and students.

Scott ZE, Trager RJ, Nim C, Smith DL. Opinion: A 2025 review of chiropractic spinal manipulation for headaches was bound for null results. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2026;81,102591.

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